Places of Worship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Spots of Worship - Essay Example Christians have venerate place known as chapel in which the Christians come and comply with their ruler. Church is the frightened spot for the Christians where Christians come and ask so as to get inner fulfillment and motivation. Places of worship are worked looking like a Cross on which Christians accept that Jesus Christ was given disciplines and afterward he kicked the bucket. There are various pieces of a congregation for instance the walkway and steps are intended to give the state of the steps towards the sky. The sky are given the state of the intersection. Holy places are available in each side of the world. There is a need to instill the significance of houses of worship as a result of the way that Christianity is the quickest developing religion on the planet. Houses of God are some significant kinds of temples. The job of ministers or diocesans is truly intriguing and critical in chapel. The minister is the person who drives theprayers, leads all theceremonies and supplications in a congregation. No official movement can happen without the nearness of the minister or cleric. Numerous Christians visit the holy places regularly in their daily schedule; some of them visit the temples on Sunday on the grounds that there arespecial supplications on Sundays. The wedding functions of the Christians likewise occur in places of worship since Christians imagine that in the event that they perfect their relationships in houses of worship, it will bringpeace, delight and congruity in their lives. The Masjids Love place for the Muslims is known as Mosque or Masjid. Muslims should come in the mosque five times each day for petitions. The supplication timings are set by the development of sun. There are three supplications in the day timings and two petitions after that among which, one is on the nightfall and the other one is around evening time known as â€Å"Isha Prayer†. ... During the player, the Muslims remain from side by side so as to teach and portray the solidarity among them. The love place is stuffed with individuals on Friday supplications. Friday supplications are extraordinarily committed on Muslims and during the Friday petitions, a wide range of business exercises are taboo. Love spot of Muslims known as masjid has additionally a different spot for bathing where the Muslims clean themselves from water by washing their hands, face, mouth, toes and hair since purging is the as a matter of first importance pre-imperative of the petition of the Muslims. Muslims are likewise coordinated to stand and face one bearing known as â€Å"Kaabah†. The Kaabah is the spot arranged in Saudi Arabia and Muslims should confront its course so as to give a portrayal of solidarity and unity. Eid petition is likewise one of the most significant supplications in the Muslims adore place. Eid days are planned double cross in a year in which Muslims from everyw here throughout the world praise these occasions with incredible eagerness and enthusiasm. The masjid is likewise arranged in numerous primary spots of the Muslims people group. The masjid is a sacrosanct spot for the Muslims and even non likewise originate from better places to see the recorded mosques around the globe for instance Turkey has the absolute best and chronicled mosques where numerous individuals come and visit to see the brief look at the verifiable spots. The Mandirs The consecrated revering place for the Hindus is known as Tempe or â€Å"Mandir† which is an expression of Sanskrit language and it implies â€Å"gladdening†. Like other venerating spots, there is consistently a requirement for the main character to be available in the love spot to finish the official supplications and

Avoid Run-On Sentences in Your Business Writing

Keep away from Run-On Sentences in Your Business Writing This announcement contains a blunder. Find and right it: The following not many weeks will be occupied. Both the site update and the application dispatch have cutoff times in December.Huang is our most determined worker, I might want him in my group. Run-on sentences and sentence parts are turning out to be increasingly normal, and appear to be a dubious territory for some individuals. I absolutely have been blameworthy of these previously, especially when I am messaging. While I think it is to some degree insignificant to have a linguistic slip-up in a snappy book ran off to a companion, these kinds of missteps become risky when they spill into increasingly formal business settings, for example, messages, letters, and updates. Truth be told, run-on sentence development (additionally called melded sentences) is the #1 most normal business composing punctuation mistake we find in customer composing. Divided sentences is the #2 mistake, and they are exceptionally related. How about we back up a stage or two (we need to return to center school language structure class now) and take a gander at the contrast among Independent and Dependent Clauses. The contrast between these two is the fundamental explanation that sudden spike in demand for sentences and sentence pieces aren't right. As a matter of first importance, what is a proviso? A provision is a gathering of words with a subject and an action word. There are two fundamental sorts of conditions: Independent and Dependent. An Independent Clause can remain solitary as a total sentence. Ex. John is a profoundly keen representative. Ex. Suzette was perceived for her commitments. A Dependent Clause can't remain solitary, and accordingly it must be associated with an Independent Clause. A Dependent Clause for the most part happens when you include a needy marker word. These words are frequently conjunctions or verb modifiers, and leave us with an inquiry. Ex. Since John is a profoundly canny businessperson, Ex. When Suzette was perceived for her commitments. You should see that by adding the reliant marker word to these statements, they become deficient sentence pieces, and you are basically left hanging; what happened when Suzette was perceived? What happened on the grounds that John was an exceptionally savvy businessperson? To fix this circumstance, you have to associate those Dependent Clauses to Independent Clauses. Ex. Since John is an exceptionally insightful representative, his organization is entirely gainful. Ex. When Suzette was perceived for her commitments, she was given an advancement and a corner office. Interfacing a needy statement to an autonomous proviso encourages us to maintain a strategic distance from sentence pieces. In any case, shouldn't something be said about the more typical sudden spike in demand for sentences? Run-on sentences happen when we associate two autonomous provisions without utilizing legitimate accentuation. Ex. Huang is the most tenacious worker, I might want him in my group. There are numerous approaches to fix the sentence above: Huang is the most tenacious worker; I might want him in my group. (You could likewise include a progress here on the off chance that you might want: Huang is the most steady worker; along these lines, I might want him in my group.) Huang is the most determined representative. I might want him in my group. (Like the sentence above, you could likewise include a progress here: Huang is the most constant worker. Subsequently, I might want him in my group.) Huang is the most determined representative, and I might want him in my group. Since Huang is the most determined representative, I might want him in my group. Straightforward clear language is the way to great business composing, soit is regularly best to just part the sudden spike in demand for into two complete sentences, as appeared in number 2: Huang is the most persistent representative. I might want him in my group. Run-on sentences and sentence pieces are simple slip-ups to make, and are similarly as simple to fix. Start by posing yourself this inquiry: Does this proviso express a total idea? If not, associate it to another condition that addresses the unanswered inquiry. On the off chance that it does, ensure that it isn't associated with another total idea with a comma (utilize a period or a semi-colon). This one inquiry should make it simple for you to discover the sudden spike in demand for sentences and sentence pieces in your business composing, and fix them all alone. On the off chance that you need extra help around there, Instructional Solutions offers business composing courses that incorporate nitty gritty, individualized teacher criticism on your business composing.

Battle of Short Hills in the American Revolution

Skirmish of Short Hills in the American Revolution Skirmish of Short Hills - Conflict Date: The Battle of Short Hills was battled June 26, 1777, during the American Revolution (1775-1783).  â Armed forces Commanders: Americans General George WashingtonMajor General William Alexander, Lord Stirlingapprox. 2,500 men English General Sir William HoweLieutenant General Lord Charles CornwallisMajor General John Vaughanapprox. 11,000 men Skirmish of Short Hills - Background: Having been removed from Boston in March 1776, General Sir William Howe plunged on New York City that summer.â Defeating General George Washingtons powers at Long Island in late August, he at that point arrived on Manhattan where he endured a difficulty at Harlem Heights in September.â Recovering, Howe prevailing with regards to driving American powers from the territory in the wake of winning triumphs at White Plains and Fort Washington.â Retreating across New Jersey, Washingtons beaten armed force crossed the Delaware into Pennsylvania before ending to regroup.â Recovering late in the year, the Americans struck back on December 26 with a triumph at Trenton before accomplishing a second triumph a brief timeframe later at Princeton. With winter setting in, Washington moved his military to Morristown, NJ and entered winter quarters.â Howe did likewise and the British set up themselves around New Brunswick.â As the winter months advanced, Howe started making arrangements for a crusade against the American capital at Philadelphia while American and British soldiers routinely skirmished in the domain between the encampments.â In late March, Washington requested Major General Benjamin Lincoln to take 500 men south to Bound Brook with the objective of gathering knowledge and securing ranchers in the area.â On April 13, Lincoln was assaulted by Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis and compelled to retreat.â with an end goal to all the more likely survey British expectations, Washington moved his military to another camp at Middlebrook. Skirmish of Short Hills - Howes Plan: A solid position, the settlement was arranged on the south slants of the primary edge of the Watchung Mountains.â From the statures, the Washington could watch British developments on the fields underneath which extended back to Staten Island.â Unwilling to ambush the Americans while they held the high ground, Howe tried to bait them down to the fields below.â On June 14, he walked his military Somerset Courthouse (Millstone) on the Millstone River.â Only eight miles from Middlebrook he would have liked to lure Washington to attack.â As the Americans demonstrated no tendency to strike, Howe pulled back following five days and moved back to New Brunswick.â Once there, he chose to clear the town and moved his order to Perth Amboy. Accepting the British to forsake New Jersey in anticipation of moving against Philadelphia via ocean, Washington requested Major General William Alexander, Lord Stirling to walk towards Perth Amboy with 2,500 men while the remainder of the military plummeted the statures to another situation close Samptown (South Plainfield) and Quibbletown (Piscataway).â Washington trusted that Stirling could bother the British back while likewise covering the armys left flank.â Advancing, Stirlings order expected a line in the region of Short Hills and Ash Swamp (Plainfield and Scotch Plains).â Alerted to these developments by an American miscreant, Howe turned around his walk late on June 25.â Moving rapidly with around 11,000 men, he looked to pulverize Stirling and keep Washington from recapturing a situation in the mountains. Clash of Short Hills - Howe Strikes: For the assault, Howe coordinated two segments, one drove by Cornwallis and the other by Major General John Vaughan, to travel through Woodbridge and Bonhampton respectively.â Cornwallis conservative was identified around 6:00 AM on June 26 and conflicted with a unit of 150 sharpshooters from Colonel Daniel Morgans Provisional Rifle Corps.â Fighting resulted close to Strawberry Hill where Captain Patrick Fergusons men, furnished with new breech-stacking rifles, had the option to compel the Americans to pull back up Oak Tree Road.â Alerted to the danger, Stirling requested fortifications drove by Brigadier General Thomas Conway forward.â Hearing the shooting from these first experiences, Washington requested the heft of the military to move back to Middlebrook while depending on Stirlings men to slow the British development. Skirmish of Short Hills - Fighting for Time: Around 8:30 AM, Conways men connected with the foe close to the crossing point of Oak Tree and Plainfield Roads.â Though offering tireless opposition that included hand-to-hand battling, Conways troops were driven back.â As the Americans withdrew roughly a mile toward the Short Hills, Cornwallis pushed on and joined with Vaughan and Howe at Oak Tree Junction.â To the north, Stirling framed a protective line close to Ash Swamp.â Backed by big guns, his 1,798 men opposed the British development for around two hours permitting Washington time to recapture the heights.â Fighting whirled around the American firearms and three were lost to the enemy.â As the fight seethed, Stirlings horse was killed and his men were driven back to a line in Ash Swamp. Gravely dwarfed, the Americans were eventually compelled to withdraw towards Westfield.â Moving rapidly to maintain a strategic distance from the British interest, Stirling drove his soldiers back to the mountains to rejoin Washington.â Halting in Westfield because of the warmth of the day, the British plundered the town and despoiled the Westfield Meeting House.â Later in the day Howe surveyed Washingtons lines and presumed that they were excessively solid to attack.â After going through the night in Westfield, he moved his military back to Perth Amboy and by June 30 had completely left New Jersey. Skirmish of Short Hills - Aftermath: In the taking on at the Conflict of Short Hills the British admitted to 5 killed and 30 wounded.â American misfortunes are not known with exactness yet British cases numbered 100 killed and injured just as around 70 captured.â Though a strategic annihilation for the Continental Army, the Battle of Short Hills demonstrated a fruitful postponing activity in that Stirlings opposition permitted Washington to move his powers back to the security of Middlebrook.â As such, it kept Howe from executing his arrangement to cut the Americans off from the mountains and destruction them in open ground.â Departing New Jersey, Howe opened his crusade against Philadelphia late that summer.â The two armed forces would conflict at Brandywine on September 11 with Howe winning the day and catching Philadelphia a brief timeframe later.â A resulting American assault at Germantown fizzled and Washington moved his military into winter quarters at Valley Forge on December 19. Chosen Sources The Battle of the Short HillsRevolutionary War New Jersey - Short HillsBattle of Short Hills Historic Trail

The Fine Art of Seppuku Essay Example For Students

The Fine Art of Seppuku Essay Speedup is 3 adapted and exacting radicalized practice Of self destruction and has been a type Of self destruction for quite a long time. It has likewise been a well known subject in Japans writing and theater for a considerable length of time (Ottomans Fuse). Speedup is an amazing privilege; the respect was held for just the samurai, even in WI Japanese officers submitted speedup. Speedup is a profoundly confused custom and is paid attention to very; there are many muddled strides in finishing this custom and extremely fascinating intentions and explanations behind it. The principal activity is to select a right hand, a skunking, Contrary to what is figured, practically all types of speedup don't in fact include self destruction, yet just exacting lethal injury upon oneself (John Brave). The skunking was the person who did the real Mingling. The chaperon was normally the person who designated his own skunking, in all likelihood a dear companion. The member dresses in all white to co mmunicate virtue, the member at that point sits in the hold onto position (legs drawn up under the body so one is really sitting on on?s heels) (John Brave). A worker goes into the room and places a little wooden table before the applicant. The table contains a purpose cup, a bundle of wash with composing utensils and a gutting sharp edge. Fifth orderly was considered to detestable he was given a fan. In spite of the fact that the essential weapon of the samurai was the Satan (Swords). The purpose cup is filled from the left, by an orderly utilizing his left hand. The individual submitting speedup at that point discharges it in two beverages of two tastes every, one taste indicated eagerness, while at least three demonstrated dithering (John Brave). The competitor at that point composed a sonnet Of death, the sonnet ought to be effortless, characteristic, and about feelings. By no means was the competitor expected to make reference to the way that he was going to bite the dust. Now, the individual sneaks out Of his external white piece of clothing and tucks the sleeves under his knees to forestall him room accomplishing something undignified like drooping to the other side (John Brave). The applicant at that point gets little wooden table and places it under his hindquarters, making him lean forward in the best possible height. Presently the speedup up-and-comer should take a short knife and cut his midriff by cutting it from the left lower some portion of his chest area a correct way (Dieter Wander). On the off chance that the individual was requested to utilize a fan in replacement for a cutting edge, he would get a vertical cut from his shacking. This when the shakinesss work was imperative, he shacking was to watch out on th e orderly and strike his head off it he saw a sign to torment or wavering. Speedup is an exceptionally convoluted custom, however all the terms must be followed. The reasons with respect to why the samurai took an interest in such an abhorrent custom fluctuate. Prom keeping up respect on the combat zone to showing demonstrations of wrong character. The most well-known explanation avgas with the goal that the washout on the front line got an opportunity to keep his respect _ The rarest of all speedup exhibitions was the point at which a samurai would show a definitive reliability towards ones expired ruler or spouse Dieter Wander). The speedup custom came up during the time Of the common wars in the fifteenth and sixteenth century (Dieter Wander). It was seen as an identification Of fortitude just as a respect held distinctly for the samurai (Ottomans Fuse). The samurai were soldiers of fortune that were recruited to serve fighting for a master. The samurai were paid in rice and grain; the samurai are enthusiastic about keeping up respect and doing all that they can to satisfy their masters. For the samurai, a definitive articulation of individual respect was to bite the dust willfully, by ones own hand (Traditional Japan). That sort of close to home respect was increased through the custom of speedup. .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b , .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b .postImageUrl , .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b , .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b:hover , .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b:visited , .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b:active { border:0!important; } .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b:active , .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b:hover { obscurity: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enhancement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ude6e6ff9 9a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ude6e6ff99a9d1a8c43407e2db9012d5b:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Is Psychology a Science? EssayAnother regular purpose behind submitting speedup was to show ones conflict with the master. Speedup is seen as a respectable discipline; some other normal person would have been executed. It genuinely is stunning how speedup kept going so long, it is viewed as one of the most grisly ceremonies ever to be seen. The French caught some Japanese warriors and restricted to giving up, the Japanese officers mentioned that the French permit them to submit speedup, The French found the exhibition so unpleasant to propriety they made their detainees stop (Jeffrey Hap). Japanese history is loaded with instances of speedup, speedup was considered as an elegance. With the last unification and placating of Japan under Takeaway tether, 1543-1616, and the foundation of the Takeaway Shogun, speedup was not, at this point authoritatively upheld (Dieter Wander), in any case, the training despite everything kept on existing by and by. The most recent realized case is from 1970, when Yukon Misaims, ended it all in a speedup way. This demonstration caused Worldwide consideration in western media (Dieter Wander). Luckily, there have been no ongoing reports of speedup in the Asian nations. Speedup was around for quite a long time, yet it is as yet obscure to the vast majority. This radicalized presentation demonstrated the measure Of commitment the samurai had to their master and the boundless endeavor they needed to recover their respect and addition a conscious demise. Speedup is a mind boggling practice and extremely exact. The Japanese merit a wealth of regard for keeping with this exhibition for such a significant number of hundreds of years. This custom keeps on being a mainstream request in Japanese theater and culture and will remain that route for quite a long time to come.

10 Signs You May Be a Perfectionist

10 Signs You May Be a Perfectionist Theories Personality Psychology Print Perfectionist Traits: Do These Sound Familiar? Are Too-High Expectations Wrecking Your Inner Peace? By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on February 22, 2020 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW on February 22, 2020 If you’re wondering whether or not you’re a perfectionist, there’s a good chance you are one, at least to a degree. And if were being honest here, theres also a good chance you have some investment in the identity of being a perfectionist because of the positive connotations of the word perfectâ€"who doesnt want to be perfect instead of just fine? (Perfectionists, thats who!) Its important to educate yourself about just what constitutes perfectionism and why its seen as a really bad thing, so you can decide how much you want to work at shrugging off these traits, and know how to do this. Illustration by Brianna Gilmartin, Verywell The problem with perfectionismâ€"and the reason youll want to know if you possess any perfectionistic traits and what to do about itâ€"is that perfectionists actually tend to achieve less and stress more than regular high achievers. Being a perfectionist makes it more challenging to meet the goal of being perfect, or even of reaching a personal best. Perfectionists are a lot like high achievers, but with some key differences, and these differences are important, as perfectionists tend to experience more stress. The following are ten telltale traits of perfectionists, that you may be able to spot in yourself or in the people you know. Do any of these sound familiar? All-Or-Nothing Thinking Perfectionists, like high achievers, tend to set high goals and work hard toward them. However, a high achiever can be satisfied with doing a great job and achieving excellence (or something close), even if their very high goals aren’t completely met. Perfectionists will accept nothing less than, well, perfection. ‘Almost perfect’ is seen as failure. How to Overcome All-or-Nothing Thinking Critical Eye Perfectionists are far more critical of themselves and of others than are high achievers. While high achievers take pride in their accomplishments and tend to be supportive of others, perfectionists tend to spot tiny mistakes and imperfections in their work and in themselves, as well as in others and their work. They hone in on these imperfections and have trouble seeing anything else, and they’re more judgmental and hard on themselves and on others when ‘failure’ does occur. “Push” vs “Pull” High achievers tend to be pulled toward their goals by a desire to achieve them, and are happy with any steps made in the right direction. Perfectionists, on the other hand, tend to be pushed toward their goals by a fear of not reaching them  and see anything less than a perfectly met goal as a failure. Unrealistic Standards Unfortunately, a perfectionist’s goals aren’t always even reasonable. While high achievers can set their goals high, perhaps enjoying the fun of going a little further once goals are reached, perfectionists often set their initial goals out of reach. High achievers tend to be not only happier  but more successful than perfectionists in the pursuit of their goals. Focus on Results High achievers can enjoy the process of chasing a goal as much or more than the actual reaching of the goal itself. Conversely, perfectionists see the goal and nothing else. They’re so concerned about meeting the goal and avoiding the dreaded failure that they can’t enjoy the process of growing and striving. Depressed by Unmet Goals Perfectionists are much less happy and easygoing than high achievers. While high achievers are able to bounce back fairly easily from disappointment, perfectionists tend to beat themselves up much more and wallow in negative feelings when their high expectations go unmet. Fear of Failure Perfectionists are also much more afraid to fail than are high achievers. Because they place so much stock in results and become so disappointed by anything less than perfection, failure becomes a very scary prospect. And, since anything less than perfection is seen as ‘failure’, perfectionists sometimes put off things until the last minute. Healthy Ways to Cope With Failure Procrastination It seems paradoxical that perfectionists would be prone to  procrastination, as that trait can be detrimental to productivity, but perfectionism and procrastination do tend to go hand in hand. This is because, fearing failure as they do, perfectionists will sometimes worry so much about doing something imperfectly that they become immobilized and fail to do anything at all. Procrastination can then lead to greater feelings of failure, further perpetuating a vicious and paralyzing cycle. Defensiveness Because a less-than-perfect performance is so painful and scary to perfectionists, they tend to take constructive criticism defensively, while high achievers can see criticism as valuable information to help their future performance. Low Self-Esteem High achievers tend to have equally high esteem; not so with perfectionists. Perfectionists tend to be very self-critical and unhappy, and suffer from low self-esteem. They can also be lonely or isolated  as their critical nature and rigidity can push others away as well. This can lead to lower self-esteem. What You Can Do If you see some of these perfectionist traits in yourself, don’t despair. Recognizing that a change may be needed is a very important first step toward creating a more easygoing nature and achieving the inner peace and real success that comes from overcoming perfectionism and being able to say that ‘almost perfect’ is still a job very well done. Think youre a perfectionist? This quiz can tell you if you are. And if so, read this article for important  tips on overcoming perfectionist traits  and enjoying your life, your work, and your  self  more. Why Some Perfectionist Traits Can Be Healthy

The Life of a Social Worker - Free Essay Example

Description of Social Problem Social workers have made a commitment to advocating for and supporting individuals in need regardless of income, race, gender, and other identities (National Association of Social Workers [NASW], 2017). While this is a value of the profession, there is need for more social workers to support specific communities. For example, there seems to be consensus that public healthcare is unable to provide services to all of those in need, more specifically, those who are uninsured (Jacobson, Dalton, Berson-Grand, Weisman, 2005). There is a disparity in life expectancy between whites and blacks, which has been attributed to segregation, discrimination, and a lack of access to healthcare that accounts for cultural and community differences (Orsi, Margellos-Anast, and Whitman, 2010). In Michigan, these communities include prison populations, low income communities, and migrant farmworkers (Siefort Pimlott, 2001; Shultz Skorcz, 2012; Ayoola et al., 2014; McCullagh et al., 2015). For example, in Detroit, MI, pregnant women in prison require support and education to reduce the high rates of infants born with major health complications (Siefert Pimlott, 2001). Similarly, this issue is not localized to Detroit. Another city in Michigan that experiences high infant mortality rates, specifically for black individuals, is Flint, MI (Shultz Skorcz, 2012). Furthermore, previous research discusses the higher likelihood of women to use poor contraceptive methods in low income communities, particularly if they belong to an ethnic minority (Ayoola, Zandee, Johnson, Pennings, 2014). Pregnant women in prison are more likely to give birth to infants with poor health outcomes, often because of a lack of education and prenatal care (Siefert Pimlott, 2001). Additionally, these women are criminalized, particularly, if they are found to use substances, which is due in part to the construction of the social problem of crack babies (Siefert Pimlott, 2001; Lyons Rittner, 1998). The construction of the crack baby phenomenon criminalized black women, instead of accounting for other factors that may have negative impacts on the health of their children (Lyons Rittner, 1998). While there was a program called Women and Infants at Risk (WIAR) initiated to educate and provide these women with access to care and resources, this program is ultimately selective in nature (Siefert Pimlott, 2001). Women must meet requirements to access these benefits such as having a sentence that is two years or less, no violent charges, and they can not have drug charges that exceed a certain amount on their person (Siefert Pimlott, 2001). However, this problem does not only affect women prisoners, as research has reported a lack of education and contraceptive use among women in low income communities (Ayoola et al., 2014). Thus, research has demonstrated a need for more education and greater access to resources for low income women (Siefert Pimlott, 2001; Ayoola et al., 2004; Shultz Skorcz, 2012). While there is a necessity for social workers to address the education and health of pregnant women prisoners and low-income women, social workers also must prioritize advocating for migrant seasonal farmworkers. One issue preventing this population from receiving adequate healthcare, is the lack of cultural sensitivity from healthcare providers (Schim, Doorenbos, and Borse, 2005). It is essential for healthcare providers to integrate cultural norms and practices in treatment plans to provide the best care for their patients (Schim et al., 2005). Furthermore, migrant farmworkers face other barriers to accessing essential care such as the state residency requirement for Medicaid, which can make receiving health insurance more difficult because they work seasonally (McCullagh, Sanon, Foley, 2015). Additionally, they may be resistant to using the resources and support offered from services because it is unaffordable for them, or it interferes with their ability to work (McCullagh et al ., 2015). Migrant farmworkers often make low wages and are not provided with health insurance through their employment; thus, they have limited access to healthcare services even if they wanted to use them (McCullagh et al., 2015). Social workers also play a key role in connecting legal and medical professionals (Colvin, Nelson, Cronin, 2012). These social workers advocate for patients and ensure they are getting access to the care they need, often bridging the gap between the legal and medical professions (Colvin et al., 2012). Also, according to Spencer, Gunter, and Palmisano (2010) there is a lack of community health workers, who are essential for connecting low income communities to healthcare resources. However, they are not respected by other professions and are often underfunded; thus, their impact is limited (Spencer et al., 2010). Thus, previous research seems to demonstrate that low income communities are the most vulnerable and lack access to essential and culturally sensitive healthcare resources (Spencer et al., 2010). While there are programs in place to attempt to address these needs, they are often selective; thus, many individuals cannot access the benefits of these programs (Siefert Pimlott, 2001; McCullagh et al., 2015). Because of these barriers, social workers must advocate and address these issues so that these populations may access healthcare resources. Implications for Social Work The National Association of Social Workers Code of Ethics outlines several ethical guidelines that social workers are committed to following. One of these guidelines is the commitment, social workers challenge social injustice (NASW, 2017). Thus, social workers must advocate on behalf of these individuals to change social policies that prevent them from accessing the care and resources they need. Another key value is the expectation that social workers will acknowledge and respect cultural differences and help empower individuals to address their own needs (NASW, 2017). Therefore, it is imperative that social workers reform policies and address these concerns at the macro and micro levels, so vulnerable and at-risk populations can gain access to healthcare resources essential for survival. The United Nations Declaration of Human Rights also addresses the infringement on the rights of individuals in these communities. One human right is the ability to move and live in states as they so choose (United Nations, 1948, art. 13). However, the residency requirement of Medicaid infringes on this right as individuals must choose between healthcare and employment (McCullagh et. al, 2015). Additionally, another human right is the right to work in fair conditions for all individuals (United Nations, 1948, art. 23). However, migrant farmworkers often work in conditions without the proper knowledge or precaution to prevent health risks associated with employment (McCullagh et al., 2015). Also, another human right that is not being protected for these populations is the right to necessary healthcare (United Nations, 1948, art. 25). As stated by McCullagh et al. (2015), the lack of access to healthcare for farmworkers is an ethical and moral issue (McCullagh et al., 2015). Furthermore , the criminalization of pregnant women who use substances prevents access to the healthcare necessary to ensure their children are born healthy (Siefert Pimlott, 2001). The Role of Social Workers To begin to address the healthcare disparity experienced by low-income individuals, social workers must be aware of the historical context in which current policies were created. For example, the crack baby phenomenon was analyzed by Lyons and Rittner (1998) discussing the implications this social construct had on black women. Black women were punished, especially if their babies were born showing symptoms of addiction, rather than being offered support (Lyons Rittner, 1998). This pattern can be seen in the research conducted at the prison in Detroit that discussed the poor birth outcomes linked to a lack of prenatal care and education (Siefert Pimlott, 2001). On a macro level, social workers can come together to create programs such as the WIAR program, to provide resources and care for vulnerable populations (Siefert Pimlott, 2001). However, social workers must also ensure that these programs are not highly selective as this prevents many people that need care from accessing it (Siefert Pimlott, 2001). On a micro level, social workers can consider the implications that laws and policies have had on the individuals they are serving to better address their needs (McCullagh et al., 2015; Brownstein Allen, 2011). For example, community health workers are key in this role to help social workers connect with hard to reach communities (Spencer et al., 2010). Another approach to educating women to promote better health outcomes, is a community-based approach. Previous research has concluded that educating women on their bodies and changes they may experience with pregnancy as well as providing emotional support, helps promote healthier pregna ncies and infants (Ayoola et al., 2014). Community health workers are essential for providing access to care for underserved communities by educating healthcare providers on barriers these communities face such as language and cultural barriers (Brownstein Allen, 2011). While community health workers have been shown to be essential and effective in providing equal access to healthcare, they face obstacles such as a lack of funding and respect from other professions (Spencer et al., 2010). However, community health workers could benefit underserved communities greatly as seen in research conducted in Detroit, MI, which found that black men with diabetes experienced lower levels of distress after working with community health workers to gain more support from their healthcare providers (Spencer et al., 2006). Thus, it is essential for social workers to advocate for partnerships with community health worker programs, and for them to raise awareness on the support that can be provided by community health workers (Spencer et al ., 2010). Thus, previous research has shown a need for social workers to become more involved in reducing healthcare disparities in low-income communities (Siefert Pimlott, 2001; Ayoola et al., 2014; McCullagh et al., 2015; Spencer et al., 2010). Social workers must advocate for better education and support for pregnant women in prison to reduce the number of infants born with poor health (Siefert Pimlott, 2001). Furthermore, social workers need to advocate for and educate women in low-income communities to support better contraceptive methods among these populations (Ayoola et al., 2014). Also, social workers may reduce the disparities in healthcare by advocating for Medicaid reform and supporting migrant farmworkers in accessing the healthcare they need (McCullagh et al., 2015). References Ayoola, A., Zandee, G., Johnson, E., and Pennings, K. (2014). Contraceptive use among low income women living in medically underserved neighborhoods. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, Neonatal Nursing, 43(4), pp. 455-464. doi:10.1111/1552-6909.12462 Brownstein, J. N., and Allen, C. (2015). Addressing chronic disease through community health workers: A policy and systems level approach. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/docs/chw_brief.pdf Colvin, J. D., Nelson, B., and Cronin, K. (2012). Integrating social workers into medical-legal partnerships: Comprehensive problem solving for patients. Social Work, 57(4), pp. 333-341. Retrieved from: https://ezproxy.msu.edu.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/docview/1264493244?accountid=12598 Jacobson, P. D., Dalton, V. K., Berson-Grand, J., and Weisman, C. S. (2005). Survival strategies for Michigans health care safety net providers. Health Services Research, 40(3), pp. 923-940. oi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2005.00392.x Lyons, P., and Rittner, B. (1998). The construction of the crack babies phenomenon as a social problem. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 68(2), pp. 313-320. Retrieved from: https://d2l.msu.edu/d2l/le/content/692043/viewContent/6488615/View?ou=692043 McCullagh, M. C., Sanon, M., and Foley, J. S. (2015). Cultural health practices of migrant seasonal farmworkers. Journal of Cultural Diversity, 22(2), pp. 64-67. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4778556/ National Association of Social Workers. (1999). Code of ethics of the National Association of Social Workers. Washington, DC. NASW Press. Orsi, J. M., Margellos-Anast, H., and Whitman, S. (2010). Black-white health disparities in the United States and Chicago: A 15-year progress analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 100(2), pp. 349-356. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.165407 Schim, S. M., Doorenbos, A. Z., and Borse, N. N. (2005). Cultural competence among Ontario and Michigan healthcare providers. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 37(4), pp. 354-360. doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2005.00061.x Shultz, C., and Skorcz, S. (2012). African American infant mortality and the Genesee County, MI REACH 2010 initiative: An evaluation of the undoing racism workshop. Social Work in Public Health, 27(6), pp. 567-603. doi:10.1080/19371910903253236 Siefert, K., and Pimlott, S. (2001). Improving pregnancy outcome during imprisonment: A model residential care program. Social Work, 46(2), pp. 125-134. Spencer, M. S., Kiefer, E. C., Sinco, B. R., Palmisano, G., Guzman, R., and James, S. A., et al. (2006). Diabetes-specific emotional distress and diabetes among African Americans and Hispanics with Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of Healthcare for the Poor and Underserved, 17(2), pp. 88-105. doi:10.1353/hpu.2006.0095 Spencer, M. S., Gunter, K. E., and Palmisano, G. (2010). Community health workers and their value to social work. Social Work, 55(2), pp. 169-180. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org.proxy1.cl.msu.edu/stable/23719973 The United Nations. (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Com Essay - 917 Words

In Kenneth Branaghs film Mary Shelleyamp;#8217;s Frankenstein, the director, Kenneth Branagh sticks to the major themes of the original book with minute changes. There are many similarities and differences between the book and Kenneth Branaghamp;#8217;s adaptation of the book. I believe Mary Shelley wanted readers to catch the themes of child abandonment, presented in Victor abandoning his creature. She also wanted readers to have compassion and sympathy for the abandoned creature that Victor created out of dead body parts. Shelley wanted the creature to be similar to Victor in many ways. Shelley wanted to show the relation between life and death, and the unbreakable laws of nature. Shelley wanted readers to realize that we need to†¦show more content†¦Shelley expressed the creation of the creature in the book was something like unnatural childbirth. Kenneth Branagh interpreted this and used amniotic fluid in a metal encasing, and put needles into certain pressure points of the body. This was almost like a manmade womb, and it surely represented the theme of unnatural childbirth that Shelley brings to our attention in her novel. The little girl the creature saves in the book is about to drown when the creature saves her. In the film a man is trying to hurt the little girl and the creature pushes the guy out of the way, to save her. Then he gets invited into the cottage by a blind man, but when Felix a family member of the blind man shows up he hits the creature with a broomstick many times showing how many people see only whatamp;#8217;s on the outside. In the book Felix tried to shoot him. In the film Elizabeth got her heart ripped out by the creature, and in the book it is not written specifically what the murder method was. The huge plot change near the end, really amazed me. Victor had to bring Elizabeth back to life, because he wanted her so bad. When she realized what Victor had done she committed suicide. In the book, this did not happen there w as only a funeral. Why would such a great director, want to poison such a great film, with such a terrible ideaShow MoreRelatedMary Shelley ´s Frankenstein; Or, the Modern Prometheus, an Analysis of the Subtitle1219 Words   |  5 Pagesof creation.† (Shelley 37). Ab initio Victor Frankenstein, the main protagonist, is being put on a level with Prometheus through the subtitle. An indication that Mary Shelley did indeed have the myth in mind as she wrote the novel, is not only her subtitle, but moreover the parallels between the Prometheus myth and Frankenstein, which are undeniable. The title itself gives a lot away of the story which follows. It links the modern world with the ancient Greek myth. Victor Frankenstein â€Å"steals† theRead MoreCompanionship Quotes In Frankenstein1160 Words   |  5 Pagesnecessity in life, because all different types of people and creations rely on the company of others. Without the company of others, people no longer act as they sho uld in society. They no longer learn new things and they become outcasts. In the book, Frankenstein, the creature lives his life without a companion and the outcome is tragic. Companionship is a necessity in life, because living without a companion will lead to mental illnesses, violence and loneliness. Mental illness is defined by NAMI as,Read MoreMary Shelly’s Frankenstein Essay1266 Words   |  6 PagesMary Shelly’s Frankenstein Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein is designed as a gothic horror novel but deals with serious moral issues. Written in 1818, a time when breakthroughs and discoveries in the scientific world were common and often of great importance, the book shows how desire for knowledge entwined with humanity’s ability to quickly reject what seems ugly or that which they don’t understand, can unfold into a tragic tale with several fatal altercations. Whilst playingRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley1155 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Frankenstein† is a book that was writing in the late 1800’s. Mary Shelley was the author of this book. The genre of â€Å"Frankenstein† is a horror fiction and science fiction. Frankenstein is a book about how Victor creates a monster. That monster goes around killing people. The monster hides from people because he is ugly and people are scared of him. At the end Victor and the monster die. There are many themes in the book of â€Å"Frankenstein†, but i will choose to write about the appearanceRead MoreInterpretation of the Text13649 Words   |  55 Pagesmany survival stories as well as in stories about struggling for survival in remote locales, such as Jack Londons short story To Build a Fire. Person vs. Supernatural type of conflict places a character against supernatural forces. â€Å"Frankenstein† by Mary Shelley is a g ood example. Conflicts of this kind are also very common in comic books 12 Person vs. Machine / Technology places a character against robot forces with artificial intelligence. Conflicts of this kind are limited to science fiction

Look Profitability Evidence From Bangladesh Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3724 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Abstract: This study examines the impact of liquidity on Islamic banks profitability during an 11 years period of 2001 to 2011. To explore and interpret the results the study has taken samples from five Islamic banks that have been in operation in Bangladesh on or before 2001 to till date. In order to construct the liquidity model it used four liquidity variables namely cash due from banks to total assets (CDTA), cash due from banks to total deposits (CDDEP), investment to total assets (INVSTA) and investment to total deposits (INVSDEP). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Look Profitability Evidence From Bangladesh Finance Essay" essay for you Create order According to adjusted R squares profitability variables return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and return on deposits (ROD) are respectively 17.1%, 4.5% and 24.6% dependent on independent variables. The statistical results suggest that CDTA is found insignificant with all profitability variables, whereas CDDEP is individually significant with all profitability variables except ROE. On the other hand INVSTA and INVSDEP are recognized significant with all three profitability variables. However, when ROE stands for an insignificant relationship with the overall liquidity model, ROA and ROD are identified significantly correlated with the similar model at 1% significant level. The findings do strengthen the specification that the impact of liquidity reflects adequate imposition on profitability that the Islamic banks in Bangladesh must abide by. Keywords: Dependency level; Islamic Banking Goals; Liquidity ratios; Profitability ratios; Significance level. JEL Classification: G21 Introduction Business in Islam has always been viewed as an opportunity for potentials as long as it stands on moral and ethical grounds and conforms to the Islamic code of conduct. The actual role of Islamic bank inherits in promoting and empowering the banking services and product based on Islamic principles. The main principles of Islamic banking comprise of prohibition of interest in all forms of transactions, and undertaking business and trade activities on the basis of fair and legitimate profit (Haron and Shanmugan, 1997). But according to Islamic principles, reward, i.e. profit without sharing the risks or hazards in the economic understandings is totally prohibited. Perhaps, the most significant risk of an Islamic bank is to build a sound liquidity management. Islamic banking has gained much popularity in Bangladesh over the last few years. There is a high demand for interest-free banking services from a segment of people in Bangladesh who have a strong desire to abide by the rules and principles set by Shariah. Along with religious requirement, economic exigencies provide a new outlook to the role of banking in promoting investment / productive activities, influencing distribution of income and adding stability to the economy. The downturn in the United States in the late part of 2008 led to a dramatic downturn in businesses and financial institutions, not only in the United States but other countries as well (Lau, 2008). It affected the world stock markets and made large financial institutions to either go bankrupt or sell off their shares to the public (Anup, 2009). But surprisingly it could not affect the Islamic banking industry as much as expected. Most banks now keep protective reserves on top of planned reserves. Excess liquidity is reported in nearly all Islamic banks (Ali and Howlader, 2005). Due to unavailability of local capital market, Islamic banking sectors have been suffering from investing idle fund in liquid venture (Rashid and Nishat, 2009). Excess liquidity generated by Islamic banks cannot be easily shifted to conventional banks as the Islamic banks do not accept interest; however there is opportunity for exchange of excess funds among the Islamic banks on a Mudarabah / Musharakah basis. However, the scope of cooperation among this field can only be increased if their numbers are increased. So, what should be the crucial choice of an Islamic bank; whether to take fundamental choice of profit maximization or to concern more on assurance of liquidity in any banking business under Islamic principles? Possibly the answer could rise if we can have ideas on how liquidity position affects Islamic banks profitability. Analysis of financial statement has become very significant due to widespread interest of various parties in the financial result of a business unit. As a Muslim community, Bangladesh and its people are in greater interest for a Shariah approved banking system. The question from the people arise when t here are any lacking in response to customers demand (liquidity risk) as well as any deficiency in showing upward banks value (profitability risk). Consequently this is a demand of time now to evaluate the impact of liquidity risk on profitability for overall Islamic banking industry in Bangladesh, as this paper attempts to find. Literature Review Banks today are under great pressure to perform- to meet the objectives of their stockholders, employees, depositors and borrowing customers, while somehow keeping government regulators satisfied that the banks policies, loans and investments are sound (Rose, 2004-2005). At present a lot of countries around the world having twofold banking system, as interest free banks are functioning parallel to conventional banks (Akhtar, Ali and Sadaqat, 2011). In Islam, profit is simply a reward of taking risk. So, it should be a natural outcome of the fair play of the twin forces of demand and supply in the market (Latif, 1982). On the other hand liquidity implies availability of cash that how bank rapidly may convert its assets into cash to meet the need of short term. It is considered that it is life of the banks. Higher amount of the liquid assets reflect the greater liquidity of the firm (Akhter, Raza, Orangzab and Akram, 2011). The essence of liquidity management problem arises from t he fact that there is a trade-off between liquidity and profitability and mismatch between demand and supply (Khan and Ahmed, 2001). While the bank has no control over the sources of fund (deposits), it can control the use of funds. To support their depositors demand, banks need money, or in other sense the power to create money. That is why Akkas (1982) suggested that commercial banks should be compelled to keep reserves up to the full amount of their deposits, a reserve of 100 percent. Islamic principles are always in favor of non-inflationary economy. Therefore, bringing a kind of equilibrium between demand and supply for investible funds appears to be a major concern for financial intermediation (Siddiqui, 2010). But, it is to be noted that Islamic market mechanism does not support the concept of equilibrium price, rather, acts as the instrument to meet the effective demand of a consumer.  [1] Not only does Islamic banks profitability seem less volatile than that of convent ional peers, but it is also higher on average, at least in the GCC region (Hassoune, 2002). Haron (2004) said that liquidity, funds invested in Islamic securities, total expenditures and the percentage of the profit-sharing ratio between the bank and the borrower of funds are highly correlated with the level of total income received by the Islamic banks. At the same time external factors such as interest rates, market share and size of the banks produce the similar kind of effects. He also added that other determinants such as funds deposited into current accounts, total capital and reserves, the percentage of profit sharing between bank and depositors, and money supply also play a major role in influencing the profitability of Islamic banks. Return on assets is a good sign to determine banks financial performance and supervisory efficiency. It shows how competent the administration is in allocating asset into net profit. The higher the ROA, the higher is the financial performanc e or profitability of the banks (Samad, 2004). Return on equity measures the rate of return on the bases of capital and equity capital (Akhter, Raza, Orangzab and Akram, 2011). This ratio shows how bank can create profit with shareholders invested funds. Its increasing value indicates higher financial performance. Like ROA, ROE is also an indicator for managerial efficiency (Ika and Abdullah, 2011). Return on deposits shows percentage return on each currency of customers deposit. In other words, it indicates the effectiveness of bank in converting deposit into net earnings (Rosly and Bakar, 2003). However, profitability is only part of bank performance story (Samad and Hasan, 1999). Cash in a bank vault is the most liquid asset of a bank. Cash assets include vault cash held on bank premises, deposits the bank holds at the Central bank in its district, deposits held with other banks to compensate them for clearing checks and other interbank services, and cash items in the process of collection (Rose, 2004-2005). A higher cash-deposit ratio indicates that a bank is relatively more liquid than a bank which has lower cash-deposit ratio. Depositors trust to bank is enhanced when a bank maintains a higher cash-deposit ratio. On the other hand an increase in loan-deposit ratio indicates that a bank is in more financial stress by making too much loan. Therefore, lower loan-deposit ratio is always favorable to higher loan-deposit ratio (Samad and Hasan, 1999). Loans-assets ratio measures the percentage of assets that are tied up in loans. The higher the ratio, the less liquid the bank will be (Samad, 2004). While making significant progress in return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE), the liquidity performance of Bank Islam Malaysia (BIMB, the single full-fledged Islamic bank in Malaysia) between 1984-89 and 1990-97 in various measures such as cash-deposit ratio, loan-deposit ratio and current ratio showed neither deterioration nor improvement (Samad and Hassan, 1999). Chowdhury and Ahmed (2009) investigated that total deposits of Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd. was higher in comparison to some non-Islamic banks during 2002 to 2006. Saifullah (2010) argued that Islamic banks in Bangladesh are superior to Conventional banks after an overall assessment of financial performance including liquidity and profitability position. When making comparisons across firms (or over time), it is useful to control for differences in their resource base (Foster, 2002). At the same time liquidity of those resources is of paramount significance for banks (Maheshwari and Maheshwari, 2002). Akhtar, Ali and Sadaqat (2011) found positive but insignificant relationship of size of the bank and net-working capital to net assets with liquidity risk in Islamic banks. In addition return on assets (ROE) in Islamic banks is found to be positive and significant with liquidity risk at 10% significant level. A study over determinants of Jordanian Islamic banks pro fitability revealed that there are significant and positive relationship between Return on Assets and Provision for Credit Facilities + Interest in Suspense / Credit Facilities, Total Equity / Total Assets and Total Income / Total Asset of the Islamic banking, and there are significant and negative relationship between ROA and the Bank Size, Total Liabilities / Total Assets, Annual Growth Rate for Gross domestic product, Inflation Rate and Exchange Rate of the Islamic Banking. Also this study found that there are significant and positive relationship between Return on Equity and Log TA, TL / TA, TI /TA and ERS of the Islamic banking, and there are significant and negative relationship between ROE and PRFCFI / CF, TE / TA, GDPGR and INF of the Islamic Banking (Khrawish, Siam and Khrawish, 2011). Naceur and Goaied (2010) investigation regarding the determinants of the Tunisian banks performances during the period 1980-1995 showed that the principal determinants of a banks performan ce are by order of importance: labor productivity, bank portfolio composition, capital productivity and bank capitalization. Athanasoglou, Delis and Staikouras (2008) examined the profitability behavior of bank-specific, industry-related and macroeconomic determinants, using an unbalanced panel dataset of South Eastern European (SEE) credit institutions over the period 1998-2002. The estimation results indicated that, with the exception of liquidity, all bank-specific determinants significantly affect bank profitability in the anticipated way. The paper concludes with some remarks on the practicality and implements ability of the findings. Using bank level data for 80 countries in the 1988-1995 periods, a study suggested that interest margins differences and banks profitability reflect a variety of determinants such as; bank characteristics, macroeconomic conditions, explicit and implicit bank taxation, deposit insurance regulation, overall financial structure, and several underl ying legal and institutional indicators (Demirgà ¼Ãƒ §-Kunt and Huizinga, 1998). Shahchera (2012) analyzed the impact of liquid asset holdings on bank profitability for a sample of Iranian banks. Applying the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM), this study analyzed the profitability of listed banks using unbalanced panel data over the period of 2002-2009. An important finding of this study is that the business cycle significantly affects bank profits. The coefficient of regulation is negative and significant. Therefore if regulators reduce the constraints imposed on banks, banks obtain profit. Liquidity is of vital importance to the daily operations of a bank. Maintenance of a sound liquidity position of the bank is necessary to protect the bank against uncertainties of its business. Maintenance of liquidity bears both risk and return. A tradeoff between these two elements can minimize the conflict between liquidity versus profitability of a bank (Islam, 2008). As stated by Islam (2008) Koch (1992) believed that there is a short-run tradeoff between liquidity and profitability. The more liquid a bank is, the lower are its return on equity (ROE) and return on assets (ROA), all other things being equal. Therefore, statistical significance of liquidity on profitability can be a great factor for potential investors. In a nutshell the influence of Islamic banks liquidity cannot be negligible when considering profit as their most vigorous concern. Methodology 3.1 Sample Design and Data Collection In Bangladesh, currently seven Islamic banks are providing their services as pure Islamic banks and running their operations under the guidance of Islamic Shariah. Among them, five Islamic banks have been selected to investigate the impact of Islamic banks liquidity risk on profitability over the period of 11 years during 2001 to 2011.  [2]  Selected Islamic banks are- 1. Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited 2. Shahjalal Islami Bank Limited 3. Al-Arafah Islami Bank Limited 4. Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limited 5. Social Islami Bank Limited The data used in this study are compiled from income statements and balance sheets of selected banks from their each year annual report. The study model is tested on time series cross-sectional bank level data in the context of Bangladesh over the period 2001 to 2011. Thus, present study has been conducted taking into account a total samples of [5ÃÆ'Æ’-11] 55 under each variable. 3.2 Explanatory Variables To analyze the liquidity impact on profitability using multiple regression analysis, variables were assigned into two sections- Dependent Variables: Return on Assets = Net Income after Taxes / Total Assets Return on Equity = Net Income after Taxes / Total Equity Capital Account Return on Deposits = Net Income after Taxes / Total Deposits Independent Variables: Cash Due from Banks to Total Assets = Cash Due from Banks / Total Assets Cash Due from Banks to Total Deposits = Cash Due from Banks / Total Deposits Investment (Loans Advances) to Total Assets = Investment / Total Assets Investment (Loans Advances) to Total Deposits = Investment / Total Deposits 3.3 Research Model and Hypotheses The current research is being conducted to evaluate the impact of liquidity on profitability by applying multiple linear regression model which had previously been developed and applied by Demirgà ¼Ãƒ §-Kunt and Huizinga (1999), Haron (2004), Athanasoglou, Delis and Staikouras (2008), Toni (2008), Naceur and Goaied (2008), Saleem and Rehman (2011), Khrawish, Siam and Khrawish (2011), Shahchera (2012) and many more in essence of their contribution to banking, economics and finance. Utilizing the similar model these preceding studies focused on assessing diverse determinants of Islamic banks profitability. Present study used the same model but for only to strengthening on liquidity variables in order to demonstrate their impact on profitability. Current research model is as follows- Where, ROA = Return on assets ROE = Return on equity ROD = Return on deposits CDTA = Cash due from banks to total assets CDDEP = Cash due from banks to total deposits INVSTA = Inve stment (loans advances) to total assets INVSDEP = Investment (loans advances) to total deposits ÃÆ'†°Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å" = constant term ÃÆ' ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ µÃƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ = slopes associated with the independent (liquidity) variables i = banks t = time ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬ = error term To do the analysis following two hypotheses were designed: There is an insignificant relationship between liquidity and profitability, i.e. H0: b1 = b2 = b3 = b4 = 0 (null hypothesis) There is a significant relationship between liquidity and profitability, i.e. Ha: b1 ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   b2 ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   b3 ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   b4 ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   0 (alternative hypothesis) 4 Statistical Results and Analyses The statistical analysis of secondary data has been divided into three dimensions, i.e. descriptive, correlation and regression. All the statistical tests have been performed through SPSS V15.0. 4.1 Descriptive Statistics Table 1 shows descriptive statistics for dependent and independent variables. The analyzed statistics figures illustrate the mean, standard deviation, maximum and minimum values of Islamic banks. The statistics suggest irregular drawbacks in minimum value of ROA ROD, even more in ROE, leading to a dramatic decrease in percentage return for overall Islamic banking industry.  [3]  The mean value of dependent variables imply that maximum portion of banks income goes for shareholders, as here ROE indicates greater outcome in percentage return in comparisons to ROA or ROD. However, according to the statistics, the fraction of investment in total assets and total deposits exceeds cash due from banks to a great extent if we take a look at their mean values. Table 1 Descriptive Statistics Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Dependent Variable ROA -4.85 3.07 1.2060 1.05572 ROE -176.07 38.81 15.8591 27.86636 ROD -5.20 3.66 1.4722 1.22965 Independent Variable CDTA 9.94 82.12 21.4307 12.59587 CDDEP 11.62 95.43 25.3715 14.06618 INVSTA 13.33 82.51 70.2224 11.45243 INVSDEP 15.49 103.86 84.2804 15.55431 Source: Calculated value using Annual Reports of the banks issued by Dhaka Stock Exchange (2001-2011) 4.2 Correlation Matrix The correlation coefficients are stated in Table 2. This gives information on the degree of correlation between all the dependent (profitability) and independent (liquidity) variables used in the analysis. The opportunity has been tested with the Pearson correlation coefficients test. The result indicates that the liquidity variables CDTA and CDDEP are negatively related with all selected profitability variables. On the other hand, the remaining two liquidity variables INVSTA and INVSDEP are positively related with all three profitability variables. Table 2 Correlation Matrix of Profitability and Liquidity Variables ROA ROE ROD CDTA CDDEP INVSTA INVSDEP ROA 1 ROE .905** 1 ROD .994** .867** 1 CDTA -.232 -.062 -.260 1 CDDEP -.206 -.048 -.226 .993** 1 INVSTA .222 .037 .252 -.945** -.936** 1 INVSDEP .326* .115 .376** -.896** -.856** .950** 1 Pearson Correlation Coefficient ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed) * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed) Source: Calculated value using Annual Reports of the banks issued by Dhaka Stock Exchange (2001-2011) 4.3 Regression Results Tables 3, Table 4 Table 5 report the results of regression analysis in which four independent variables are regressed by using the data of Islamic banks of Bangladesh from 2001 to 2011. The adjusted value of R squares indicate that ROA, ROE and ROD of Islamic banks of Bangladesh are respectively 17.1%, 4.5% and 24.6% dependent on independent variables, i.e. CDTA, CDDEP, INVSTA and INVSDEP. Therefore, as liquidity factor, these four variables are considered major issues to defining profitability of Islamic banks in Bangladesh over eleven years period. Table 3 Regression Results of ROA (2001-2011) Model 1 Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta (Constant) 2.125 3.118 .681 .499 CDTA .293 .186 3.502 1.576 .121 CDDEP -.274 .161 -3.652 -1.699 .096* INVSTA -.194 .074 -2.110 -2.630 .011** INVSDEP .159 .054 2.343 2.948 .005*** R squared .233 Adjusted R squared .171 F statistics esults 3.792 P-value .009*** Durbin-Watson 1.635 *** Significant at the 1% level ** Significant at the 5% level *Significant at the 10% level Source: Calculated value using Annual Reports of the banks issued by Dhaka Stock Exchange (2001-2011) Table 3 shows that CDTA and INVSDEP are positively correlated with ROA. Alternatively CDDEP and INVSTA show negative relationship with ROA. With an exception to CDTA; rest independent variables CDDEP, INVSTA and INVSDEP are significantly correlated with ROA at 10%, 5% and 1% significant level in that order. Durbin-Watson test shows that the residuals are positively correlated. At overall 1% significant level as per p-value the liquidity model [Model 1] is significantly correlated with ROA. So the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) accepted here. Table 4 Regression Results of ROE (2001-2011) Model 2 Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta (Constant) 77.929 88.349 .882 .382 CDTA 7.326 5.277 3.312 1.388 .171 CDDEP -6.960 4.571 -3.513 -1.523 .134 INVSTA -4.796 2.096 -1.971 -2.289 .026** INVSDEP 3.492 1.528 1.949 2.285 .027** R squared .116 Adjusted R squared .045 F statistics 1.637 P-value .180 Durbin-Watson 2.024 *** Significant at the 1% level ** Significant at the 5% level * Significant at the 10% level Source: Calculated value using Annual Reports of the banks issued by Dhaka Stock Exchange (2001-2011) Table 4 represents that CDTA and INVSDEP are positively correlated with ROE. At the same time CDDEP and INVSTA create negative correlation with ROE. Here, only INVSTA and INVSDEP are found significant with ROE at 5% significant level. As Durbin-Watson statistic is approximately very close to 2, therefore the residuals are uncorrelated. However, according to p-value the overall liquidity model [Model 2] is not significantly related with ROE at any formulated level. Thus the null hypothesis (H0) is accepted for the relationship of liquidity and profitability (ROE). Table 5 Regression Results of ROD (2001-2011) Model 3 Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta (Constant) 2.433 3.464 .702 .486 CDTA .340 .207 3.480 1.642 .107 CDDEP -.317 .179 -3.631 -1.771 .083* INVSTA -.245 .082 -2.284 -2.985 .004*** INVSDEP .202 .060 2.557 3.373 .001*** R squared .302 Adjusted R squared .246 F statistics 5.404 P-value .001*** Durbin-Watson 1.599 *** Significant at the 1% level ** Significant at the 5% level * Significant at the 10% level Source: Calculated value using Annual Reports of the banks issued by Dhaka Stock Exchange (2001-2011) As demonstrated in Table 5 ROD has positive relation with CDTA and INVSDEP, and negative relation with CDDEP and INVSTA. Here, only insignificant variable is CDTA. CDDEP is significantly related with ROD at 10% level. At 1% significant level both liquidity variables INVSTA and INVSDEP are detected statistically significant with ROD. Durbin-Watson test indicates positive autocorrelation for the residuals. As per p-value the model [Model 3] is statistically significant with ROD at 1% significant level. As a result here the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) accepted. 5 Conclusion The current study marks the very first attempt to analyze liquidity impact on Islamic banks profitability in Bangladesh during the period 2001 to 2011. Major parts of the study results reveal greater dependency of banks profitability on liquidity. Specifically cash due from banks to total assets is not significant with any profitability variables. Cash due from banks to total deposits is found insignificant with ROE, but significant with ROA and ROD at 10% significant level. Other two independent variables investment to total assets and investment to total deposits are individually and significantly correlated with all selected profitability variables. Investment to total assets is significant with ROA and ROE at 5% significant level and with ROD at 1% significant level. On the other hand, investment to total deposits is significantly correlated with ROA and ROD at 1% significant level and with ROE at 5% significant level. The entire liquidity model is found statistically signifi cant with ROA and ROD at 1% significant level. The reason to discover ROE less dependent and insignificant with the overall liquidity model is possibly due to that huge loss in foreign transaction by Shahjalal Islami Bank Limited in the financial year 2004. However, adding further liquidity variable to the model may make it more or less significant with profitability. In addition, it should also be said that liquidity is not the single reason to defining Islamic banks profitability. Therefore, in any affair, current study serves as initial movement, leaving spaces for future researches to enhance and enrich its outlook.

Racism as a Problem Today Essay - 1401 Words

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The Death Penalty And Capital Punishment Essay - 2417 Words

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Laptops in Schools Free Essays

Laptop Usage in Schools The issues of laptops being used in schools are brought up throughout the whole country. Many people think that if we provide every student with a laptop, we will end up spoiling our future generation and turn them into lazy, unimaginative individuals. But with the correct usage, maintenance, and supervision, the laptop proposal can work. We will write a custom essay sample on Laptops in Schools or any similar topic only for you Order Now For one, the students would have the internet right at their fingertips, making research quick and efficient. Along with the handiness of looking up all their notes with a simple click of a button. The laptop initiative has been proven to be very effective in schools in the United States; it has increased students productivity, accountability, and convenience. Administrators who are against the initiative of laptops argue that they are a waste of money and the schools budgets cannot handle it. They also believe that laptops would be a big distraction towards the student’s education. Some parents are also concerned about their children visiting inappropriate websites, along with having access to obscene material. Little do they know, there are abundant ways in disciplining the opposing view point. It has been proven in schools across the country that if we provide every student with a laptop, the productivity in classes will go up. To guarantee these successful results, both the students and the teachers would have to have the most up-to-date software’s and access to the internet through the wireless networks at school. A laptop is an essential tool, similar to how a pencil is required for class. If everyone shows up with their prepared material, the class can accomplish an increase in quality access to technology, transform quality of instructions, increase student engagement, improve academic achievement and technology literacy, increase economic competiveness, and enhance home-school connections. Along with so many more benefits. For example, if everyone had laptops, the teacher can easily send quick links of recordings or sources that relate to the curriculum. This is a more fun way to learn for most students. This can serve a sounding board for ideas, such as interactive programs, chat rooms, emails, and instant messaging. Judging from my own experience, I would definitely prefer engaging with different resources online rather than listening to my teachers boring lectures. Therefore, if classroom activities are more interesting, than students are more likely to participate. Laptops are a great way to make things more appealing, from all the educational games that are available to enlightening videos on the web. All of these benefits do not only apply to the students, but studies show that they certainly also have a positive effect on the schools when the results of the states test come in. Incorporating laptop usage in classrooms has also proven the development of student’s accountability. Students then have no reason for any papers being lost or not being able to receive an assignment when being absent. Teachers would also have the responsibility to post up all the required materials and objectives of the course, along with frequently updating lectures and assignments. With this technology, it makes it almost impossible for a student to make up any excuse for not doing their work, considering all the information they need to know is online. By using laptops at school, students have the ability to challenge their assumptions by seeking expert advice and researching data. Having that access gives the students the responsibility to have all the accurate answers on a test or an essay. Another advantage of having a laptop as a digital teaching assistant, all of the visual medium, multi-media, and interactive programs, motivate the students to participate because they can work at their own pace while still being challenged to get to the next level. This also forces the students to think critically by examining and analyzing multiple points of view by participating in online debates. Overall, it has been proven that students, who are involved with laptop usage in classrooms, are more liable to get their work done on time and more competent. Laptops, when used correctly can stimulate a different type of learning and be a great convenience for students. No more would we be sitting in class with paper and an overhead. Paper notebooks will be old school and online and internal collaboration between students and teachers will be at an all time high. Getting rid of the notebooks and moving to laptop based study will help in getting rid of text books. No more lugging around 50 pounds worth of paper. Teachers will not have lectures anymore; instead they will have multiple study guides and utilize our Internet resources to find information. Text books will now be online, where students can quickly lookup parts of reading or study guides in a matter of minutes. Notes will be in the form of think bubbles where student will type their notes and make them so they can truly understand what is being taught. This is extremely suitable for students for the reason that, it can help them simplify complex operations, such as converting numbers to charts by using excel processor, spell/grammar check, and office PowerPoint as a visual aid for presentations. This laptop initiative can expand student’s horizons by exposing them to new concepts and information, such as virtual tours and simulations. Several individuals, who disagree on the whole laptop idea, think that students would take advantage of the internet access by constantly being on Face book, Twitter, or YouTube. In reality, this is no where true. There are already blocks in place to keep students off of restricted web sites, and with these laptops, the tech administrators will know exactly who is using the computer. So there really is no downside to having laptops incorporated in classrooms. In conclusion, the entire world is changing quickly along with the rapid revolution of technology. Our society is changing as well and people are adapting to it just fine. So schools should immediately get on the laptops in classrooms project because, technology is going to be in our everyday life soon, and we need to start teaching computers and word processing at a young age and incorporate it into everything we do. I mean why not? It has been proven to better our student’s productivity, accountability, as well as their convenience. How to cite Laptops in Schools, Essay examples